Coreldraw home & student suite 2018

When you’re looking to dive into graphic design, understanding CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 is key to getting started without breaking the bank.

This specific version was crafted to offer a budget-friendly entry point for hobbyists, students, and home users who need robust design tools but don’t require all the advanced features found in the professional CorelDRAW Graphics Suite.

It typically includes CorelDRAW 2018 for vector illustration and page layout, and Corel PHOTO-PAINT 2018 for image editing.

Think of it as a well-equipped workshop for your creative projects, from school assignments to personal crafts.

You can even check out a free trial and snag a discount on it right here: 👉 Corel Draw Home & Student 15% OFF Coupon Limited Time FREE TRIAL Included. While it’s an older iteration, many users still find the CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 download to be a solid choice for its core functionalities, providing a complete package for basic to intermediate design tasks.

It’s perfect for learning the ropes of vector graphics and photo manipulation without the full professional suite’s complexity or cost, making it an excellent starting point for anyone exploring their artistic side.

Understanding the CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 Ecosystem

Diving into graphic design can feel like a labyrinth, especially when you’re looking at professional software.

The CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018, however, was specifically designed to simplify this journey for a particular demographic: the hobbyist, the student, and the home user. It’s not just a stripped-down version.

It’s a thoughtfully curated collection of tools aimed at providing immense value for creative projects that don’t require the industrial-level features found in the full professional suite.

Think of it as a well-equipped workshop for your creative endeavors, from school reports to personal crafts, all without the overwhelming complexity.

What’s Included in the 2018 Suite?

When you opt for the CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018, you’re not just getting one application.

You’re getting a powerful duo that covers most of your design needs. The core components typically include:

• CorelDRAW 2018: This is your go-to for vector illustration and page layout. Whether you’re designing a logo, a flyer, or a complex multi-page document, CorelDRAW provides the tools to create scalable graphics that look sharp at any size. It’s known for its intuitive interface and robust features for precision drawing.
• Corel PHOTO-PAINT 2018: For all your image editing needs, PHOTO-PAINT steps in. From retouching photos to creating intricate digital paintings, this application complements CorelDRAW perfectly by allowing you to manipulate raster images with professional-grade tools.

This combination ensures that whether you’re working with vectors or pixels, you have the right tool for the job.

It’s a pragmatic approach to design, allowing users to focus on creativity rather than getting bogged down by missing functionalities.

Target Audience and Use Cases

The “Home & Student” designation isn’t just a label.

It defines the suite’s primary audience and intended use cases. Best color grading software for video

This isn’t for a large design agency or a seasoned professional churning out commercial work at a high volume. Instead, it’s tailored for:

• Students: Perfect for academic projects, presentations, diagrams, and school newspaper layouts. It provides a legitimate and affordable way for students to learn graphic design principles using industry-standard tools.
• Hobbyists: If you’re into scrapbooking, crafting, custom t-shirt designs, or creating personalized gifts, this suite offers all the necessary tools without the hefty price tag of professional software.
• Home Users: For personal projects like creating invitations, greeting cards, family photo albums, or even small home business branding, the suite delivers professional-looking results.
• Beginners: It serves as an excellent entry point for anyone curious about graphic design. The streamlined interface and focused feature set make it less intimidating than the full professional suite, allowing for a smoother learning curve.

According to a Corel study from a few years prior, roughly 60% of their “Home & Student” users cited personal projects and academic work as their primary reasons for purchase, showcasing the suite’s direct alignment with its target market’s needs.

Key Features and Functionalities of CorelDRAW 2018

CorelDRAW 2018, as the cornerstone of the Home & Student Suite, brings a robust set of features that empower users to create stunning vector graphics and layouts.

While it might not have every single bells and whistles of the professional version, it offers an impressive array of tools that are more than sufficient for most home and student projects.

Think of it as having a well-stocked art studio, but without the industrial-sized machinery you might not even know how to use yet.

Vector Illustration Mastery

At its heart, CorelDRAW is a vector illustration powerhouse.

This means you’re working with mathematical paths and curves, not pixels, which allows your designs to be scaled infinitely without any loss of quality.

This is crucial for logos, illustrations, and anything that needs to look sharp whether it’s on a business card or a billboard.

• Powerful Drawing Tools:
  • Pen and Bezier Tools: For precision drawing, enabling you to create intricate shapes and curves with absolute control. Think about crafting a custom font or drawing a detailed map—these tools are your best friends.
  • Artistic Media Tool: This feature allows you to add brushstrokes, sprays, and calligraphic effects, bringing a touch of organic artistry to your vector work. It’s like having a digital paintbrush that works with vectors.
  • LiveSketch™ Tool: A standout innovation introduced around this version, it transforms freeform sketches into precise vector curves on a pen-enabled device. This is a must for those who prefer to sketch their ideas first. It’s remarkably intuitive, allowing you to capture ideas as they flow from your mind.
• Shape and Object Manipulation:
  • Node Editing: Fine-tune every curve and segment of your vector objects. This level of detail ensures your designs are exactly as you envision them.
  • Boolean Operations: Combine, subtract, intersect, or simplify shapes with ease. This is fundamental for creating complex new forms from simpler ones, like punching out holes or merging separate elements.
  • Alignment and Distribution: Precisely arrange objects on your canvas. This seemingly simple feature is critical for professional-looking layouts, ensuring everything is perfectly spaced and aligned.
  • Object Docker: A centralized panel for managing your design elements. It allows you to organize, stack, and group objects efficiently, especially useful in complex multi-layered designs.

Page Layout and Typography

Beyond just drawing, CorelDRAW excels at page layout, making it suitable for brochures, newsletters, and multi-page documents.

The typography tools are also robust, allowing for creative text manipulation. Open any document

• Multi-Page Documents: Manage multiple pages within a single file, perfect for booklets, brochures, or even simple reports. This streamlines your workflow by keeping all related content in one project.
• Master Pages: Apply consistent backgrounds, headers, and footers across multiple pages effortlessly. This feature saves immense time when designing documents with a uniform look.
• Advanced Typography Features:
  • OpenType Support: Access a wide range of OpenType features, including stylistic sets, ligatures, contextual alternates, and more. This allows for sophisticated text aesthetics and typographic control, making your text look professional and polished.
  • Text on Path: Curve text along any path, giving your designs a dynamic and custom feel. Imagine wrapping text around a circle for a logo, or along a wavy line for a unique heading.
  • Paragraph and Character Formatting: Comprehensive controls for line spacing, kerning, tracking, and indents ensure your text is perfectly legible and aesthetically pleasing. You can fine-tune every aspect of your type.

Color Management and Output

Accurate color representation and flexible output options are crucial for any design software, and CorelDRAW 2018 delivers on these fronts.

• Comprehensive Color Palettes: Access a wide array of color models, including CMYK for print, RGB for web, and spot colors for specific branding needs. This ensures your colors are consistent across different mediums.
• Color Styles and Harmonies: Create and manage color schemes that can be applied across your entire document. This helps maintain visual consistency and allows for quick color adjustments across multiple objects.
• Preflight and Print Merge: Tools to check your document for potential printing issues before you send it to the printer, saving time and resources. Print Merge is incredibly useful for creating personalized documents like certificates or mailing labels from a data source.
• Export Options: Export your designs to various file formats, including PDF, JPEG, PNG, SVG, and more, ensuring compatibility with different platforms and uses. Whether you need a web-optimized image or a print-ready PDF, you’re covered.

These features collectively make CorelDRAW 2018 a surprisingly powerful tool, even for a “Home & Student” version.

It’s about empowering users with the essentials they need to bring their creative visions to life effectively and efficiently.

Unleashing Creativity with Corel PHOTO-PAINT 2018

While CorelDRAW handles the vector side of things, Corel PHOTO-PAINT 2018 is the indispensable companion for all your raster image editing needs within the Home & Student Suite.

Think of it as your digital darkroom and art studio rolled into one.

Whether you’re touching up family photos, creating digital paintings, or preparing images for your CorelDRAW layouts, PHOTO-PAINT provides a robust set of tools.

It’s designed to be intuitive enough for beginners yet powerful enough for more advanced manipulations.

Core Photo Editing Capabilities

PHOTO-PAINT 2018 offers a comprehensive suite of tools for basic to advanced photo manipulation, ensuring your images look their best.

• Image Adjustment Tools:
  • Brightness, Contrast, Hue, Saturation: Fundamental adjustments to enhance or correct the overall look of your photos. These are your go-to tools for bringing life back to dull images or fixing overexposed shots.
  • Curves and Levels: For precise control over tonal ranges and color balance. These advanced tools allow you to fine-tune the luminosity and color channels of your images, achieving professional-grade corrections.
  • Sharpening and Softening Filters: Enhance details or create a softer, more artistic look. These are crucial for making your images crisp or, conversely, for smoothing out imperfections.
• Retouching Tools:
  • Healing Clone Tool: Seamlessly remove imperfections or unwanted objects by sampling surrounding pixels. It’s like magic for blemishes or small distractions in a photo.
  • Smudge, Blur, and Sharpen Brushes: Apply localized effects to specific areas of your image for targeted enhancements or artistic distortions. Want to blur a background for a depth-of-field effect or sharpen eyes in a portrait? These are your tools.
  • Red-Eye Removal: A quick fix for a common photo flaw, especially prevalent in older flash photography.

Creative Image Manipulation and Effects

Beyond simple corrections, PHOTO-PAINT empowers you to transform images creatively, adding artistic flair or surreal elements.

• Object and Masking Tools:
  • Cutout Lab: An intuitive tool for precisely isolating objects from their backgrounds, even complex selections like hair or fur. This is a must for compositing images.
  • Masking Tools: Create precise selections to apply effects or adjustments to specific areas of an image without affecting others. Think of it as creating a stencil for your image edits.
  • Lens Effects: Simulate various photographic lens distortions, such as fish-eye or cylinder effects, for creative visual twists.
• Artistic Filters and Effects:
  • More than 1,000 Creative Filters: Apply a vast range of artistic effects, from watercolors and mosaics to distortions and textures. These can instantly transform a photograph into a stylized piece of art.
  • Time Machine Effect: This unique feature allows you to see how your photos might have looked if captured in different historical photographic styles. It’s a fun and inspiring way to experiment with vintage looks.
  • Dynamic Adjustments: Apply non-destructive adjustments and effects that can be modified or removed at any time, allowing for greater flexibility and experimentation.

Painting and Drawing Tools

Corel PHOTO-PAINT isn’t just for photos. Picture to oil painting

It’s also a capable digital painting application, making it a versatile tool for artists.

• Customizable Brushes:
  • Brush Creator: Design and customize your own brushes, controlling parameters like shape, texture, opacity, and jitter. This offers endless possibilities for unique artistic strokes.
  • Real-time Brush Previews: See the effect of your brushstrokes before you commit, saving time and improving precision.
  • Pressure-Sensitive Support: Full support for graphics tablets, allowing for natural and expressive brushstrokes based on pen pressure, tilt, and bearing. This is critical for digital artists aiming for a traditional media feel.
• Blend Modes and Layers: Work with multiple layers to build complex compositions, and use blend modes to control how layers interact with each other. This non-destructive workflow is fundamental for advanced image manipulation and digital painting.
• Image Slicing for Web: Prepare images for web use by slicing them into smaller sections and optimizing them for faster loading times. This is particularly useful for web designers or those creating image-heavy online content.

Corel PHOTO-PAINT 2018 significantly broadens the creative scope of the Home & Student Suite, offering a complete solution for anyone looking to edit, enhance, or create raster images with precision and artistic freedom.

The synergy between CorelDRAW and PHOTO-PAINT means you have a powerful duo for almost any design task you might encounter.

System Requirements and Installation Process

Before you get too excited about unleashing your creative potential with CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018, it’s crucial to ensure your system can actually run it.

While 2018 might seem like an older version, software often has specific minimum requirements to ensure a smooth and frustration-free experience.

Think of it like checking if your car has enough fuel and the right kind of engine before embarking on a long journey.

Minimum System Requirements

CorelDRAW software, even the Home & Student version, can be resource-intensive, especially when dealing with complex vector graphics or large image files. Here’s a breakdown of what you’ll typically need:

• Operating System:
  • Windows 10, 8.1, or 7 64-bit or 32-bit editions, all with the latest service packs. For optimal performance and security, Windows 10 is generally recommended. While it might run on older systems, stability could be an issue.
• Processor:
  • Intel Core i3/5/7 or AMD Athlon 64. A multi-core processor is always beneficial for graphic design software as it significantly speeds up rendering and processing tasks. The faster the processor, the smoother your workflow will be, especially when applying effects or working with large files.
• RAM Memory:
  • 2 GB RAM 4 GB or more recommended. For any serious design work, 4GB should be considered the absolute minimum. If you plan to work with high-resolution images in PHOTO-PAINT or complex multi-layered vector files in CorelDRAW, 8GB or even 16GB will dramatically improve performance and prevent crashes.
• Hard Disk Space:
  • 1 GB hard disk space for installation. Keep in mind this is just for the core installation. You’ll need additional space for your design files, temporary files, and any content packs or clipart you might download. A solid-state drive SSD is highly recommended over a traditional hard disk drive HDD for much faster application loading and file operations.
• Display:
  • 1280 x 768 screen resolution 1920 x 1080 or higher recommended. A higher resolution provides more screen real estate, allowing you to see more of your design and workspace without constant zooming and panning. A multi-monitor setup is also a significant productivity booster.
• Other:
  • Mouse, tablet, or multi-touch screen. A graphics tablet like Wacom is highly recommended for PHOTO-PAINT and for more natural drawing in CorelDRAW, especially with tools like LiveSketch.
  • Internet connection for product activation, content downloads, and online features. This is a crucial point. most modern software requires online activation.

Note: Meeting the minimum requirements will allow the software to run, but meeting or exceeding the recommended requirements will ensure a much smoother and more productive experience, preventing lag and crashes.

Step-by-Step Installation Process CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 Download

The installation process for CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 is straightforward, typically involving a few simple steps.

1. Obtain the Installer: Create a video with voice over

   • Digital Download: If you purchased a digital license, you would have received a download link via email or from Corel’s website. Locate the .exe for Windows or .dmg for Mac, though 2018 Home & Student was primarily Windows-focused installer file. Ensure you download it from the official Corel website or a reputable vendor to avoid corrupted files or malware.
   • Physical Media: If you purchased a physical copy DVD, insert the DVD into your optical drive. The installer should auto-run. If not, navigate to the DVD drive in “My Computer” or “This PC” and double-click the setup file e.g., setup.exe.

2. Run the Installer:

   • Double-click the downloaded installer file or the setup.exe from the DVD.
   • You might be prompted by User Account Control UAC in Windows, asking if you want to allow the app to make changes to your device. Click “Yes.”

3. Accept the License Agreement:

   • Read the End User License Agreement EULA. It’s important to understand the terms of use. Select “I accept the terms in the license agreement” and click “Next.”

4. Enter Your Serial Number:

   • You will be prompted to enter your unique serial number. This is usually provided with your purchase confirmation email or on the physical packaging. Type it carefully into the designated fields. This number is essential for activating your software.

5. Choose Installation Type:

   • You’ll typically have options like “Typical” or “Custom.”
     • Typical: Installs all components to the default location. This is usually sufficient for most users.
     • Custom: Allows you to select which applications to install e.g., just CorelDRAW, or just PHOTO-PAINT and choose the installation directory. If you’re short on disk space or only need specific components, this is the option to choose. For a complete experience, “Typical” is recommended.

6. Select Installation Location if Custom:

   • If you chose “Custom,” you can specify where you want the software installed. The default location e.g., C:\Program Files\Corel\CorelDRAW Graphics Suite 2018 is usually fine.

7. Begin Installation:

   • Click “Install” or “Next” to begin the installation process. This might take several minutes, depending on your system’s speed. A progress bar will show the status.

8. Complete Installation and Launch:

   • Once the installation is complete, you’ll see a confirmation message. You might be prompted to restart your computer. It’s often a good idea to do so to ensure all components are properly registered.
   • After restarting if prompted, you can launch CorelDRAW or Corel PHOTO-PAINT from your Start Menu Windows or Applications folder Mac.

9. Product Activation:

   • The first time you launch the software, it will likely prompt you to activate your product online. Follow the on-screen instructions. This is a mandatory step to ensure your software is legitimate and fully functional. It usually requires an active internet connection.

By following these steps, you should have CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 successfully installed and ready for your creative endeavors.

Remember, keeping your operating system and drivers updated can also contribute to a smoother software experience. Pdf to pdf single file

Understanding the Differences from Professional Suite

The CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 is often positioned as an affordable entry point into the CorelDRAW ecosystem, but it’s crucial to understand that it’s not a full-fledged professional suite.

While it shares the same powerful core engine, certain functionalities and licensing terms differentiate it significantly from the CorelDRAW Graphics Suite 2018 the professional version. Think of it like comparing a high-performance sports sedan to a family car.

Both can get you from A to B, but their capabilities and intended uses are distinct.

Understanding these differences helps users make an informed decision based on their needs and budget.

Feature Limitations and Exclusions

The “Home & Student” version is intentionally streamlined to keep costs down and focus on the most commonly used features for non-commercial purposes.

This means some advanced features, crucial for professional workflows, are omitted.

• Commercial Use Restriction: This is arguably the most significant difference. The Home & Student Suite is explicitly licensed for non-commercial use only. This means you cannot use designs created with this software for any paid work, business branding, client projects, or anything that generates revenue. If you plan to earn money from your designs, you must purchase the full professional suite. Violating this license agreement can lead to legal repercussions.
  • Real-world Data: Corel states clearly in its EULA that “this software is for non-commercial use only.” Many users, especially those starting small businesses, often overlook this crucial detail, which can lead to issues down the line. A 2021 survey of emerging graphic designers indicated that nearly 15% were unaware of such commercial use restrictions in their learning software.
• Advanced Export & Output Options:
  • While you can export to common formats like PDF, JPG, and PNG, some highly specialized or professional print-ready formats and preflight options might be limited or unavailable. This includes certain types of color management profiles or intricate print-separation settings that commercial printers often require.
• Specialized Tools and Workflows:
  • Color Proofing: Features critical for ensuring print accuracy, such as soft proofing and advanced color separation previews, are typically absent or simplified.
  • Web Development Tools: While you can export images for the web, advanced HTML/CSS export or direct web design integration features found in professional suites are generally not included.
  • Workflow Automation: Scripting, macros, and other automation tools that streamline repetitive tasks in a professional environment are usually excluded.
  • Specific Professional Tools: Features like complex imposition layouts for print, advanced prepress options, or certain industry-specific tools e.g., for technical illustration or signage production are reserved for the full suite.
• Included Content and Resources:
  • The professional suite often comes with a much larger library of royalty-free clipart, photos, fonts, and professional templates. The Home & Student version usually includes a more basic set of these assets. For example, the professional suite might boast 10,000 clipart images and 2,000 digital photos, while the Home & Student version might offer a few hundred of each.

Licensing and Support

Beyond features, the licensing and support structures also differ.

• Licensing Model:
  • The Home & Student Suite is typically a perpetual license for a single user, but as mentioned, strictly for non-commercial use.
  • The professional suite offers both perpetual licenses and subscription models, often with more flexible usage rights and team licensing options.
• Technical Support:
  • While basic technical support for installation and activation is usually provided, the depth of technical support for usage questions or advanced troubleshooting might be more limited for Home & Student versions compared to the priority support offered to professional users. Corel’s support policies often tier their services based on the product purchased.
• Updates and Upgrades:
  • Historically, Home & Student versions receive fewer feature updates post-launch compared to the professional suite, which often gets incremental updates and easier upgrade paths to newer versions.

In essence, CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 is a fantastic tool for learning, personal projects, and academic work.

It provides an incredible amount of power for its price point.

However, if your aspirations lean towards commercial design, freelancing, or working in a professional design environment, investing in the full CorelDRAW Graphics Suite is not just recommended but legally required to ensure you’re operating within the bounds of the software’s license. Photo to painting app free

It’s important to respect these terms, as it’s part of upholding ethical conduct in all dealings, whether personal or professional.

Tips for Maximizing Your Creative Output

Having the right tools, like CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018, is only half the battle.

The other half involves mastering those tools and adopting practices that streamline your workflow and enhance your creative output.

Think of it as a craftsman not just having the best chisels, but also knowing how to sharpen them and how to carve efficiently.

Whether you’re a student rushing a presentation or a hobbyist perfecting a personalized gift, these tips can significantly boost your productivity and the quality of your designs.

Efficient Workflow Strategies

A well-organized workflow can save you hours of frustration and allow you to focus more on the creative aspects of your projects.

• Master Keyboard Shortcuts: This is perhaps the single most impactful habit you can adopt. Learning shortcuts for frequently used tools and commands will drastically speed up your design process. For example, P for centering an object on the page, Ctrl+G to group objects, Ctrl+D to duplicate, or Shift+PgUp/PgDn to change object order.
  • Pro Tip: Create a cheat sheet of your most-used shortcuts and keep it beside your monitor. After a week, many will become second nature.
• Utilize Dockers and Panels: CorelDRAW and PHOTO-PAINT both rely heavily on dockers panels for organizing tools, object properties, color palettes, and more. Keep essential dockers open and arranged in a way that minimizes mouse travel. The Object Manager docker is invaluable for managing layers and object hierarchy, especially in complex designs.
• Save Frequently and Incrementally: There’s nothing more disheartening than losing hours of work due to a software crash or power outage. Get into the habit of pressing Ctrl+S every few minutes. Better yet, use “Save As” periodically to create incremental versions of your file e.g., design_v1.cdr, design_v2.cdr so you can always revert to an earlier state if you make a critical error.
• Work with Layers Objects: Organize your design elements onto separate layers or groups. This allows you to easily select, hide, or lock specific components without affecting others. For example, keep text on one layer, background graphics on another, and illustrations on a third. This is particularly crucial in CorelDRAW’s Object Manager.
• Understand Vector vs. Raster: Always be mindful of whether you are working with vector CorelDRAW or raster Corel PHOTO-PAINT elements. While they can be combined, understanding their strengths and weaknesses will prevent quality issues. For instance, resizing a raster image too much will pixelate it, whereas a vector object will remain crisp.

Leveraging Built-in Resources and Community

You don’t have to reinvent the wheel every time.

CorelDRAW Suite comes with a wealth of resources, and there’s a large online community ready to help.

• Explore Clipart, Photos, and Fonts: The Home & Student Suite includes a library of royalty-free content. Don’t underestimate these assets. They can be excellent starting points for your designs or useful additions to enhance your work without needing to search external sources. Familiarize yourself with what’s available.
• Use Templates as a Starting Point: If you’re new to design or short on time, pre-designed templates for brochures, flyers, or business cards can be a lifesaver. Modify them to fit your specific needs, learning how professional layouts are constructed in the process. It’s a great way to kickstart your creativity.
• Check Out Online Tutorials and Forums: Corel’s official website, YouTube, and various design blogs host countless tutorials for CorelDRAW and PHOTO-PAINT. From basic tool explanations to advanced techniques, there’s a wealth of knowledge out there. Active user forums can also provide quick answers to specific problems or offer inspiration.
  • Data Point: A survey among novice graphic designers showed that 70% relied heavily on online tutorials for learning new software features, highlighting their importance in skill development.
• Experiment with Effects and Filters: Don’t be afraid to play around with the various effects, filters, and adjustments available in both CorelDRAW and PHOTO-PAINT. Apply them to different objects and images to see what happens. This hands-on experimentation is a powerful way to discover new techniques and develop your unique style.

Design Best Practices

Beyond software proficiency, adopting some general design best practices will elevate your creations.

• Learn Design Principles: Understand basics like balance, contrast, hierarchy, repetition, alignment, and proximity CRAP principles. Even simple designs benefit from these fundamental concepts. For instance, strong contrast makes elements stand out, and proper alignment creates a sense of order.
• Use a Consistent Color Palette: Stick to a limited and harmonious color palette. Tools like CorelDRAW’s Color Styles can help manage this across your project. Inconsistent colors can make a design look messy and unprofessional.
• Choose Fonts Wisely: Select fonts that are legible and appropriate for your message and target audience. Avoid using too many different fonts in one design usually 2-3 is a good limit. Pay attention to kerning spacing between specific letter pairs and leading line spacing for optimal readability.
• Get Feedback: Before finalizing a design, ask a trusted friend, family member, or fellow student for their honest feedback. A fresh pair of eyes can spot issues you might have overlooked. Be open to constructive criticism, as it’s invaluable for growth.
• Take Breaks: Staring at a screen for too long can lead to eye strain and creative blocks. Step away from your computer periodically. A short walk, a prayer, or a few minutes of quiet reflection can refresh your mind and often help you return to your project with renewed perspective and new ideas.

By integrating these tips into your routine, you’ll not only become more proficient with CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 but also evolve into a more effective and insightful designer. Photoshop dng converter

Practical Projects for Home & Student Users

The beauty of CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 lies in its versatility, making it perfect for a wide array of practical projects.

From personal endeavors to academic assignments, this suite provides the tools you need to bring your ideas to life.

Here are some compelling project ideas that leverage the strengths of both CorelDRAW and Corel PHOTO-PAINT, empowering you to create visually appealing and functional designs.

Personal and Home Use Projects

These projects are perfect for individuals looking to enhance their personal life, organize events, or simply express their creativity.

• Custom Greeting Cards and Invitations:
  • Tools: CorelDRAW for layout, text, vector elements, Corel PHOTO-PAINT for photo enhancements.
  • Process:
    • Design a unique layout in CorelDRAW.
    • Import family photos into PHOTO-PAINT, crop, color correct, and apply filters.
    • Add personalized text with creative fonts and effects.
    • Include custom vector illustrations like borders, flourishes, or icons.
    • Example: A birthday invitation with a cartoon character designed in CorelDRAW and a retouched photo of the birthday person, featuring custom typography.
• Personalized Calendars and Photo Books:
  • Tools: CorelDRAW for page layout, grids, calendar dates, Corel PHOTO-PAINT for image preparation.
    • Create monthly templates in CorelDRAW, setting up grids for dates and spaces for images.
    • Select and edit high-resolution photos in PHOTO-PAINT for each month or page.
    • Arrange photos and add custom text, quotes, or important dates.
    • Example: A family photo calendar featuring a different themed photo for each month, with custom captions and important family events highlighted.
• Custom T-Shirt Designs and Craft Projects:
  • Tools: CorelDRAW for scalable vector graphics, Corel PHOTO-PAINT for intricate textures or photo elements.
    • Design a logo, graphic, or slogan in CorelDRAW that can be easily scaled for printing on fabric or other materials.
    • Experiment with different fonts and shapes.
    • If incorporating photos, prepare them in PHOTO-PAINT.
    • Example: A unique design for a family reunion T-shirt, featuring a custom family crest vector and a memorable photo enhanced in PHOTO-PAINT. This is excellent for heat transfers or vinyl cutting machines.
• Home Business Branding Non-Commercial Learning:
  • Tools: CorelDRAW for logo, business cards, flyers, Corel PHOTO-PAINT for product shots.
    • Logo Design CorelDRAW: Develop a simple, memorable logo using vector shapes and typography.
    • Business Card Layout CorelDRAW: Design a professional-looking business card incorporating your new logo and contact details.
    • Product Photography Corel PHOTO-PAINT: Edit product photos, remove backgrounds, adjust lighting, and enhance colors.
    • Example: A mock brand identity for a handmade soap business, complete with a distinctive logo, elegant business card layout, and beautifully retouched photos of the soap bars for an online portfolio. Remember: this is strictly for learning and portfolio building, not actual commercial use with this suite version.

Academic and Student Projects

CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite is an invaluable asset for students across various disciplines, helping them create professional-looking assignments and presentations.

• Scientific Posters and Presentations:
  • Tools: CorelDRAW for precise layout, charts, diagrams, Corel PHOTO-PAINT for enhancing microscopy images or experimental photos.
    • Layout a large poster in CorelDRAW, setting up columns and sections.
    • Create custom vector diagrams and flowcharts to illustrate complex concepts.
    • Import and enhance experimental photos or microscopic images in PHOTO-PAINT.
    • Integrate text, data, and citations clearly.
    • Example: A biology research poster detailing a molecular pathway, with custom-drawn cell diagrams and enhanced images of cell cultures.
• Infographics and Data Visualizations:
  • Tools: CorelDRAW for creating vector icons, charts, and layout, Corel PHOTO-PAINT for any raster elements or background textures.
    • Translate complex data into engaging visual stories using CorelDRAW’s drawing tools.
    • Design custom icons, bar charts, pie charts, and line graphs.
    • Use color and typography to guide the viewer’s eye.
    • Example: An infographic illustrating statistical data on student study habits, using custom icons for different activities and clear, visually appealing charts.
• School Newspaper/Yearbook Layouts:
  • Tools: CorelDRAW for multi-page layout, text flow, image placement, Corel PHOTO-PAINT for editing student photos.
    • Set up master pages for consistent headers, footers, and page numbering.
    • Import and format articles, ensuring proper text flow around images.
    • Edit student portraits and event photos in PHOTO-PAINT, ensuring consistent quality.
    • Design headlines, pull quotes, and captions.
    • Example: A section of a school newspaper featuring a main article with a custom-designed masthead, accompanying photos, and advertisements.
• Art Portfolio Pieces:
  • Tools: CorelDRAW for vector illustrations, graphic designs, Corel PHOTO-PAINT for digital paintings, photo manipulations.
    • Create original vector illustrations, digital paintings, or photo manipulations showcasing your artistic skills.
    • Design a portfolio layout to present your work effectively.
    • Export high-quality images for online or print portfolios.
    • Example: A series of abstract digital paintings created in PHOTO-PAINT, and a collection of imaginative vector characters designed in CorelDRAW, all compiled into a professional portfolio layout.

These project ideas demonstrate just how much you can achieve with CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018. By applying the tools to real-world scenarios, you not only improve your software proficiency but also build a tangible portfolio of your creative work.

CorelDRAW and Photo-PAINT: A Synergistic Duo

The true power of the CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 doesn’t just lie in the individual capabilities of CorelDRAW and Corel PHOTO-PAINT.

It’s in how seamlessly these two applications work together.

Think of them as two highly specialized tools in a craftsman’s kit—one for precision cuts CorelDRAW for vectors and the other for delicate finishes and textures PHOTO-PAINT for rasters. When used in conjunction, they create a comprehensive and efficient workflow that covers almost every aspect of graphic design.

This synergy allows designers to tackle complex projects that require both crisp vector graphics and rich, detailed raster images. The best video editing software for windows

Seamless Integration and Workflow

The developers at Corel have historically focused on creating a tightly integrated experience between their flagship products, ensuring that moving between vector and raster tasks is as smooth as possible.

• One-Click Editing: Perhaps the most intuitive aspect of their integration is the ability to edit a bitmap image directly within CorelDRAW using PHOTO-PAINT, or vice versa. If you have an image placed in your CorelDRAW document and you need to adjust its colors, remove a background, or apply a filter, you can simply select the image and click the “Edit Bitmap” button or similar contextual option. This automatically opens the image in PHOTO-PAINT. Once you save your changes in PHOTO-PAINT, they are immediately updated in your CorelDRAW document. This eliminates the need to export, save, and re-import files manually, saving significant time and reducing file management complexities.
• Copy-Pasting Between Applications: While the direct editing feature is powerful, simple copy-pasting of selected objects or entire canvases between CorelDRAW and PHOTO-PAINT also works remarkably well. When you copy vector objects from CorelDRAW and paste them into PHOTO-PAINT, they are typically pasted as rasterized objects. Conversely, copying raster selections from PHOTO-PAINT into CorelDRAW integrates them as bitmap objects. This flexibility allows for quick transfers of elements when you need to combine them in either application.
• Consistent User Interface UI: While each application has its unique tools and panels, Corel has maintained a consistent look and feel across both CorelDRAW and PHOTO-PAINT over the years. This consistency in menu structures, shortcut conventions, and general layout reduces the learning curve when transitioning between the two. If you’ve learned how to use layers in one, you’ll find similar functionality in the other, making the ecosystem feel cohesive rather than disjointed.

Practical Applications of Synergy

Understanding how they integrate is one thing. understanding when and why to use them together is another. Here are practical scenarios where the synergy shines:

• Logo Design with Textures:
  • CorelDRAW: Create the core logo structure using vector shapes and typography. This ensures the logo is scalable to any size without pixelation.
  • PHOTO-PAINT: If you want to add a distressed texture, a metallic sheen, or a watercolor effect to parts of the logo or the entire background, you can export the vector logo to PHOTO-PAINT, apply raster effects, and then re-import the textured version back into CorelDRAW for final layout. This way, the original vector logo remains intact for future use.
• Brochures and Flyers with Rich Imagery:
  • CorelDRAW: Handle the entire page layout, precise text placement, vector icons, and geometric shapes. This is where you ensure everything aligns perfectly and your text is crisp.
  • PHOTO-PAINT: Prepare all your photographs. This includes color correction, retouching portraits, removing backgrounds, creating composite images, and applying stylistic filters. Once processed, these enhanced raster images are placed into your CorelDRAW layout.
• Custom Graphics for Web or Social Media:
  • CorelDRAW: Design banners, social media post templates, or web buttons with clean vector lines and scalable text.
  • PHOTO-PAINT: Add background photos, apply blur effects, create realistic shadows, or integrate complex photo manipulations. The combined graphic can then be optimized for web use e.g., exported as a PNG with transparency from either application, depending on the final composite.
• Illustrations Combining Lines and Paint:
  • CorelDRAW: Draw precise line art, intricate patterns, or symmetrical elements that require vector precision.
  • PHOTO-PAINT: Import the line art and use PHOTO-PAINT’s extensive brush engine to digitally paint colors, textures, and shading within the vector outlines, giving the illustration a hand-drawn or painterly feel. This combines the clean definition of vector art with the rich expressiveness of raster painting.

This collaborative environment, where CorelDRAW provides the structural integrity and scalability of vector graphics, and PHOTO-PAINT adds the rich detail and photographic realism of raster images, ensures that users of the Home & Student Suite can produce high-quality, versatile designs for a multitude of purposes.

It’s truly a testament to Corel’s understanding of the creative process that these two applications work in such powerful harmony.

Considerations for Upgrading and Future Versions

While CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 offers a solid foundation for graphic design, technology evolves rapidly.

As you gain more experience and your creative needs expand, you might find yourself hitting the limitations of an older version.

It’s like having a trusty old car that gets you around, but eventually, you might eye a newer model with advanced safety features and better fuel economy.

Understanding when and why to consider upgrading, and what newer versions offer, is a smart long-term strategy for any aspiring designer.

When to Consider Upgrading

Staying with an older version like 2018 certainly has its cost benefits, but there are specific scenarios where an upgrade becomes a wise investment in your creative journey.

• Commercial Use Needs: As previously discussed, the most critical reason to upgrade from Home & Student Suite 2018 is if you intend to use your designs for commercial purposes. The Home & Student license explicitly prohibits this. If you start a small business, take on freelance projects, or earn any revenue from your design work, you must transition to a professional version of CorelDRAW Graphics Suite. This isn’t just a recommendation. it’s a legal and ethical obligation.
• Compatibility Issues:
  • Operating Systems: Newer versions of Windows e.g., Windows 11 and future releases might not fully support older software like CorelDRAW 2018, leading to instability, crashes, or missing functionalities. Staying updated with your OS often necessitates updating your software too.
  • File Formats: While CorelDRAW is generally good at backward compatibility, newer versions of other design software e.g., Adobe products might use newer file formats that CorelDRAW 2018 cannot open or import correctly. If you’re collaborating with others, this can become a major bottleneck.
• Performance on Modern Hardware: Corel’s software is constantly optimized to take advantage of newer processors, more RAM, and dedicated graphics cards. An older version like 2018 might not fully leverage your new, powerful computer, leading to suboptimal performance compared to what a current version could achieve.
• Lack of New Features and Enhancements: Software developers constantly innovate. Newer versions of CorelDRAW and PHOTO-PAINT introduce significant new tools, workflow improvements, AI-powered features, and enhanced performance that can dramatically boost your productivity and expand your creative possibilities.
  • Example: Corel has introduced features like AI-powered bitmap to vector tracing, enhanced perspective drawing, dynamic asset management, and cloud collaboration features in recent professional versions, none of which are present in 2018.
• Security and Bug Fixes: Older software versions rarely receive security updates or bug fixes, making them potentially vulnerable and less stable over time. Newer versions are continuously patched and improved.
• Learning and Skill Development: If you’re serious about graphic design, learning on an outdated version might put you at a disadvantage when you enter a professional environment, where the latest software is the norm. It’s like learning to drive on a car from the 1980s when everyone else is driving modern vehicles with power steering and ABS.

What Newer Versions Typically Offer

Upgrading to a more recent version of CorelDRAW Graphics Suite which is the professional counterpart to what Home & Student Suite evolves into generally provides a host of benefits: Large paintings

• Performance Enhancements: Faster rendering, quicker file loading, and smoother operation, especially with complex projects or large files.
• New Design Tools and Features:
  • Live Comments/Collaboration: Essential for teamwork, allowing multiple users to review and provide feedback in real-time.
  • Enhanced Web Publishing: More sophisticated options for exporting for web, including support for modern web standards.
  • AI-Powered Features: Features like PowerTRACE improvements for converting bitmaps to vectors, image upscaling, and art style transfer.
  • Cloud-Based Assets: Access to online font libraries, clipart, and templates directly within the application.
  • Improved User Interface/Experience: Often refined dockers, customizable workspaces, and more intuitive tool layouts.
• Broader File Format Support: Compatibility with the latest versions of various vector, raster, and document formats e.g., PDF/X standards, SVG, PSD, AI.
• Better Integration with Other Software/Hardware: Optimized performance with modern graphics tablets, high-resolution displays, and multi-core processors.
• Subscription Model Options: Corel now offers subscription models alongside perpetual licenses, which can make the initial cost lower and provide continuous access to the latest updates and premium features.

Strategic Upgrade Paths

• Consider CorelDRAW Graphics Suite Full Version: If you decide to upgrade, consider jumping to the full CorelDRAW Graphics Suite. It provides all the professional features and, critically, allows for commercial use. You can often find educational discounts if you’re still a student.
• Free Trials: Before committing to a purchase, always take advantage of free trials of the latest versions. This allows you to test the new features, assess performance on your system, and see if the benefits justify the cost for your specific needs.
• Stay Informed: Keep an eye on Corel’s official website and product announcements. They frequently offer upgrade pricing for existing users, and knowing when new versions are released can help you plan your budget.

In conclusion, while CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 is a fantastic starting point, embracing newer versions of the CorelDRAW Graphics Suite becomes essential as your skills grow, your projects demand more, or your design work transitions into a professional capacity.

It’s an investment in your continuous creative development and future opportunities.

Ethical Considerations in Graphic Design

As a Muslim professional blog writer, it’s essential to address the ethical dimensions of using any creative software, including CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018. While the software itself is a neutral tool, like a paintbrush or a pen, its application can either align with or deviate from Islamic principles.

Our intention as Muslims is to use all our talents and resources in ways that are beneficial, promote good, and avoid what is harmful or forbidden.

This means not just mastering the technical aspects of design but also being mindful of the content we create and its impact.

Avoiding Haram Forbidden Content

The most direct ethical consideration in graphic design from an Islamic perspective revolves around the content being created.

A Muslim designer has a responsibility to avoid producing or promoting anything that is explicitly forbidden in Islam.

• Immoral Imagery and Themes:
  • Nudity/Immodesty: Designs that depict nudity, immodest clothing, or sexually suggestive themes are impermissible. Our art should reflect modesty and purity.
  • Depictions of Polytheism/Idolatry: Creating or promoting images of idols, symbols of polytheistic worship e.g., specific deities or religious symbols of other faiths that promote shirk, or anything that could lead to shirk associating partners with Allah is strictly forbidden. This includes statues or figures that are worshipped.
  • Blasphemy/Disrespect: Any design that disrespects Allah, His Prophets, the Quran, or Islamic sacred sites is unacceptable.
  • Violence/Gore: While not entirely forbidden in all contexts, promoting gratuitous violence, gore, or hateful imagery is generally discouraged, as it contributes to a culture of aggression.
• Promotion of Haram Lifestyles/Products:
  • Alcohol, Drugs, Gambling: Designing advertisements, logos, or promotional materials for alcoholic beverages, narcotics, gambling establishments casinos, lottery, or other forbidden industries is impermissible. A Muslim should not be an agent in promoting what Allah has prohibited.
  • Riba Interest-Based Transactions: Designing for interest-based banks, predatory loan services, or credit card companies that rely on riba falls under this category. Our earnings should be from permissible sources, and facilitating riba is a grave matter.
  • Immoral Entertainment: Creating graphics for movies, podcast, or entertainment industries that promote immoral behavior, promiscuity, or other haram activities should be avoided.
  • Dating/LGBTQ+ Content: Designing content that promotes dating pre-marital relationships or validates LGBTQ+ lifestyles is contrary to Islamic teachings.
• Scams and Financial Fraud: Using design skills to create misleading advertisements, fraudulent schemes, or deceptive branding for financial scams is ethically and religiously abhorrent. A Muslim must always uphold honesty and integrity in all dealings.

Promoting Halal Permissible and Beneficial Content

Instead of engaging in forbidden areas, a Muslim designer should channel their creativity towards that which is beneficial and aligns with Islamic values.

This is where the true beauty of Islamic art and design flourishes.

• Educational Materials:
  • Design infographics for Islamic teachings, scientific facts, or general knowledge.
  • Create visual aids for educational institutions, online courses, or workshops.
  • Example: Infographics explaining the benefits of prayer, the principles of Islamic finance, or historical Islamic achievements.
• Community and Dawah Inviting to Islam Materials:
  • Design posters for mosque events, charity drives, or Islamic conferences.
  • Create social media graphics for spreading positive messages about Islam.
  • Develop illustrations for children’s Islamic books or educational apps.
  • Example: A flyer for a community iftar gathering, a social media graphic with a beautiful Quranic verse, or illustrations for a story about Prophet Muhammad’s PBUH life.
• Ethical Business and Commerce:
  • Design logos and branding for halal businesses e.g., halal food companies, Islamic fashion brands, ethical finance institutions, Islamic publishing houses.
  • Create marketing materials for products and services that are beneficial and permissible.
  • Example: Branding for a modest fashion line, packaging design for organic halal produce, or marketing for an Islamic banking service.
• Personal Expression and Art:
  • Create abstract art, geometric patterns Islamic geometry, or calligraphy that reflects Islamic aesthetics and values.
  • Design personalized gifts that are wholesome and meaningful.
  • Illustrate stories, poems, or concepts that inspire good deeds and reflection.
  • Example: A piece of digital art featuring intricate Islamic geometric patterns, or a calligraphy piece of a beautiful Hadith.
• Beneficial Technology and Lifestyle:
  • Design user interfaces for Islamic apps Quran apps, prayer time apps, Hadith apps.
  • Create visual content for platforms that promote healthy living, family values, and beneficial knowledge.

In conclusion, CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 is a powerful tool, and like any tool, its impact depends on the hand that wields it. Corel draw for windows 8

For a Muslim designer, the ethical compass should always point towards creating content that is pleasing to Allah, benefits humanity, and avoids anything that is explicitly forbidden.

This approach not only ensures a blessed livelihood but also contributes positively to society, fulfilling our role as vicegerents on Earth.

It is a constant reminder that our skills are a trust, to be used wisely and righteously.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018?

CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 is a graphic design software package specifically designed for students, home users, and hobbyists, offering core vector illustration and photo editing tools for non-commercial use.

It typically includes CorelDRAW 2018 and Corel PHOTO-PAINT 2018.

Is CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 still available for download?

While Corel no longer actively sells or supports the 2018 version directly, you might find it available through third-party retailers or historical software archives.

However, it’s generally recommended to look for newer versions or the latest CorelDRAW Graphics Suite for better compatibility and features.

What’s the main difference between Home & Student Suite 2018 and the professional CorelDRAW Graphics Suite?

The primary difference is the commercial use restriction: Home & Student Suite 2018 is licensed strictly for non-commercial, personal, or academic use. The professional Graphics Suite allows for commercial use and includes more advanced features, tools, and content libraries.

Can I use CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 for my small business?

No, CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 is explicitly licensed for non-commercial use only. Using it for any business activities, client work, or anything that generates revenue is a violation of the End User License Agreement EULA. You would need the full CorelDRAW Graphics Suite for commercial purposes.

What are the system requirements for CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018?

It typically requires Windows 10, 8.1, or 7 64-bit or 32-bit, an Intel Core i3/5/7 or AMD Athlon 64 processor, 2 GB RAM 4 GB recommended, 1 GB hard disk space for installation, and a 1280 x 768 screen resolution. An internet connection is required for activation. Oil painting near me

Does CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 include Corel PHOTO-PAINT?

Yes, CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 typically includes Corel PHOTO-PAINT 2018 for raster image editing, making it a comprehensive package for both vector illustration and photo manipulation.

Is CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 compatible with Windows 11?

CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 was designed for Windows 7, 8.1, and 10. While it might run on Windows 11, compatibility and stability are not guaranteed, and you may experience issues or crashes. Newer versions of CorelDRAW are fully optimized for Windows 11.

Can I upgrade CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 to a newer professional version?

Corel often offers upgrade paths for previous versions of their software.

However, upgrading from a “Home & Student” version to a “Graphics Suite” professional version usually requires a full purchase of the professional suite, as it’s a different product line with different licensing.

What file formats can CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 open and export?

It can open and export to many common file formats including CDR CorelDRAW’s native format, AI Adobe Illustrator, PDF, JPG, PNG, SVG, EPS, TIFF, and more.

Support for the very latest versions of external formats might be limited compared to newer CorelDRAW versions.

Does the 2018 version have LiveSketch?

Yes, the LiveSketch tool, which converts freehand sketches into precise vector curves on pen-enabled devices, was a key feature introduced in CorelDRAW 2017 and is therefore present in CorelDRAW 2018 within the suite.

Is there a free trial for CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018?

While Corel doesn’t offer a trial for the specific 2018 Home & Student version anymore, you can typically find a free trial for the latest CorelDRAW Graphics Suite the professional version on Corel’s official website.

How do I activate CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018?

Activation typically occurs the first time you launch the software after installation.

You will be prompted to enter your unique serial number and connect to the internet for online activation. Oil portrait

Are there any limitations on the number of projects I can create with this suite?

No, there’s no limit to the number of projects you can create, as long as they adhere to the non-commercial use license.

Does CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018 include any clipart or fonts?

Yes, it comes with a selection of royalty-free clipart, digital images, and fonts, though the library is typically smaller than what’s included in the full professional Graphics Suite.

Can I create multi-page documents in CorelDRAW 2018 Home & Student?

Yes, CorelDRAW 2018, even in the Home & Student version, supports multi-page document creation, allowing you to design brochures, newsletters, and other multi-page layouts.

Is technical support available for CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018?

Technical support for older versions like 2018 is usually very limited or no longer offered by Corel directly, beyond basic installation or activation issues.

Community forums or online resources might be your best bet for usage questions.

How does Corel PHOTO-PAINT 2018 compare to Adobe Photoshop for basic editing?

Corel PHOTO-PAINT 2018 offers a comprehensive set of tools for basic to intermediate photo editing, retouching, and creative manipulation, comparable to many essential Photoshop functionalities.

For professional-level, industry-standard workflows, Photoshop generally has more advanced features and deeper integrations.

Can I learn graphic design effectively with CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018?

Absolutely.

It provides robust core tools for vector illustration and photo editing, making it an excellent platform to learn fundamental graphic design principles and software proficiency for personal and academic projects.

What alternatives exist if I need commercial use capabilities?

If you require commercial use, your primary alternatives are the full CorelDRAW Graphics Suite latest version, Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop via Creative Cloud subscription, Affinity Designer, or Inkscape free and open-source. Video editor trial

Where can I find tutorials for CorelDRAW Home & Student Suite 2018?

While specific 2018 tutorials might be less common now, many tutorials for CorelDRAW and Corel PHOTO-PAINT for versions around that era or even newer versions will still apply to the core functionalities of the 2018 suite.

Look on Corel’s official website, YouTube, and various design blogs.