Vapenw.com Review

Based on checking the website Vapenw.com, our review indicates that this platform is engaged in activities that are not permissible and highly discouraged in Islam. The site appears to be involved with vaping products, which fall under the category of intoxicants and harmful substances. From an ethical standpoint, particularly within an Islamic framework, engaging with such products or platforms is to be avoided due to their detrimental effects on health and potential for addiction. It’s crucial for individuals to seek alternatives that promote well-being and align with ethical consumption principles.

Here’s an overall review summary:

• Permissibility in Islam: Not permissible due to involvement with vaping/intoxicants.
• Health Implications: Negative. vaping is harmful and addictive.
• Ethical Standing: Highly discouraged.
• Website Transparency: Limited information available regarding company details, making it difficult to assess full legitimacy beyond product offering.
• Recommendations: Avoid and seek out genuinely beneficial and permissible alternatives.

While Vapenw.com focuses on vaping, which is generally considered harmful and impermissible in Islam, it’s essential to understand why such products are problematic and what better alternatives exist.

Vaping, like smoking, introduces harmful chemicals into the body, leading to various health complications.

Islam places a strong emphasis on preserving one’s health and avoiding anything that causes harm.

Therefore, instead of seeking out products that could jeopardize your well-being, focusing on beneficial and ethical goods and services is always the wiser path.

Here are some ethical and beneficial alternatives in product categories that align with Islamic principles, focusing on non-edible goods that promote well-being and productivity:

• Purity Water Filters
  • Key Features: Advanced filtration systems, removal of contaminants, improved water taste.
  • Average Price: $50 – $300
  • Pros: Promotes health through clean water, long-term cost savings on bottled water, environmentally friendly.
  • Cons: Initial investment, requires filter replacement.
• Ergonomic Office Furniture
  • Key Features: Adjustable chairs and desks, lumbar support, promotes good posture.
  • Average Price: $100 – $1000+
  • Pros: Enhances productivity, reduces strain and discomfort, long-term health benefits for sedentary work.
  • Cons: Can be expensive, requires assembly.
• AeroPress Coffee Makers
  • Key Features: Portable, quick brewing, smooth coffee with low acidity.
  • Average Price: $30 – $50
  • Pros: Easy to use and clean, versatile for various coffee styles, durable.
  • Cons: Small batch brewing, requires paper filters.
• Natural Essential Oil Diffusers
  • Key Features: Ultrasonic diffusion, automatic shut-off, mood lighting options.
  • Average Price: $20 – $70
  • Pros: Creates a pleasant atmosphere, promotes relaxation, uses natural aromas.
  • Cons: Requires regular cleaning, essential oils can be costly.
• High-Quality Prayer Rugs
  • Key Features: Soft, durable materials, intricate designs, non-slip backing.
  • Average Price: $25 – $100+
  • Pros: Provides comfort during prayer, can be a source of spiritual reflection, durable for long-term use.
  • Cons: May require delicate cleaning, some designs might be less practical for travel.
• Gardening Tools Organic Focus
  • Key Features: Ergonomic handles, durable stainless steel, complete sets for various tasks.
  • Average Price: $30 – $150
  • Pros: Encourages healthy outdoor activity, allows for growing fresh produce, promotes self-sufficiency.
  • Cons: Requires physical effort, tools need maintenance.
• Reusable Shopping Bags Durable Fabric
  • Key Features: Strong, washable fabrics, foldable design, large capacity.
  • Average Price: $10 – $30 for a set
  • Pros: Environmentally friendly, reduces plastic waste, durable and long-lasting.
  • Cons: Can be forgotten at home, may need regular washing.

Find detailed reviews on Trustpilot, Reddit, and BBB.org, for software products you can also check Producthunt.

IMPORTANT: We have not personally tested this company’s services. This review is based solely on information provided by the company on their website. For independent, verified user experiences, please refer to trusted sources such as Trustpilot, Reddit, and BBB.org.

Understanding the Vaping Industry and Its Harms

The vaping industry, represented by sites like Vapenw.com, has grown significantly, but its products carry substantial health risks. These electronic devices heat a liquid e-liquid or vape juice to produce an aerosol that is inhaled, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. From a health perspective, even without nicotine, the inhalation of heated chemicals can damage the lungs and cardiovascular system. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC provides extensive data on the harmful effects of vaping, highlighting its association with lung injuries, cardiovascular issues, and addiction, particularly among youth. For instance, data from the 2023 National Youth Tobacco Survey NYTS indicated that approximately 2.80 million middle and high school students reported current i.e., past 30-day use of any tobacco product, with e-cigarettes being the most commonly used tobacco product. This illustrates a severe public health crisis driven by the accessibility and marketing of such products.

The Dangers of Vaping Products

Vaping products are far from harmless.

While often marketed as a “safer” alternative to traditional cigarettes, this perception is largely misleading.

The aerosol from e-cigarettes is not merely water vapor.

It contains fine particulate matter, heavy metals like lead, and cancer-causing chemicals.

• Nicotine Addiction: Most vape liquids contain nicotine, a highly addictive substance that can harm adolescent brain development, affecting attention, learning, mood, and impulse control.
• Lung Damage: Vaping has been linked to severe lung diseases, including EVALI e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury, which has resulted in thousands of hospitalizations and deaths. The American Lung Association has consistently warned about the irreversible lung damage that can occur from vaping.
• Cardiovascular Risks: Research suggests that vaping can increase heart rate and blood pressure, potentially increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association in 2022 highlighted that e-cigarette use was associated with increased markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
• Exposure to Harmful Chemicals: Beyond nicotine, vape aerosols contain acrolein, diacetyl, formaldehyde, and other chemicals known to cause lung disease and cancer.

Ethical Considerations and the Islamic Perspective

From an ethical and Islamic viewpoint, anything that causes harm to the body or mind is discouraged or prohibited.

Vaping falls squarely into this category due to its documented health risks and addictive nature.

Islam places a strong emphasis on protecting one’s health and well-being, considering the body a trust from Allah.

• Prohibition of Harm: The general principle in Islamic jurisprudence is that anything that causes harm darar is prohibited. Vaping, with its scientifically proven negative health impacts, falls under this prohibition.
• Waste of Resources: Spending money on products that are harmful and provide no real benefit is considered a waste of resources, which is also discouraged in Islam. The funds spent on vaping could be used for beneficial purposes, charity, or improving one’s quality of life.
• Addiction and Self-Control: Addiction to any substance undermines an individual’s self-control and can lead to a dependency that distracts from one’s responsibilities and spiritual pursuits. Islam encourages self-discipline and moderation in all aspects of life.

The Misleading Nature of Vapenw.com’s Offerings

Websites like Vapenw.com, by their very nature, promote and facilitate the consumption of products that are harmful.

While they may present their offerings as consumer goods, the underlying reality is that they are contributing to a public health problem. Boosterplanet.com Review

• Lack of Transparency: Many such sites provide minimal information about their sourcing, manufacturing processes, or full chemical composition of their liquids, making it difficult for consumers to make truly informed decisions, even if they were inclined to purchase.
• Targeting Vulnerable Populations: The flashy designs and extensive flavor options often found in vaping products indirectly appeal to younger demographics, making them particularly vulnerable to addiction.
• No Real Benefit: Unlike essential goods or services, vaping offers no genuine benefit to the user. Its primary purpose is recreational and addictive, providing a false sense of satisfaction while causing internal damage.

Examining Vapenw.com: A Closer Look at Website Practices

When evaluating a website like Vapenw.com, beyond the inherent issues with its product category, it’s important to consider its operational transparency and user experience. A legitimate and trustworthy e-commerce platform typically provides comprehensive information about its business, policies, and customer support. Our examination reveals several areas where Vapenw.com falls short, which further reinforces concerns about its reliability, especially for those seeking ethical and transparent vendors. A 2021 study by the Better Business Bureau BBB found that a significant percentage of online consumer complaints revolved around a lack of transparency and poor customer service from less reputable online retailers.

Vapenw.com Review & First Look

A first look at Vapenw.com immediately establishes its focus on vaping products.

The design appears standard for an e-commerce site, with product listings, categories, and a shopping cart function.

However, the critical elements often found on reputable websites, such as a clear “About Us” section detailing the company’s history, mission, or physical address, are noticeably absent or difficult to locate.

This lack of foundational information can be a red flag for consumers seeking trustworthy online interactions.

• Minimal Company Information: There’s generally a dearth of information regarding the ownership or legal entity behind Vapenw.com. This makes it hard to verify their legitimacy or hold them accountable.
• Product Focus: The homepage directly showcases vaping devices, e-liquids, and accessories, leaving no doubt about the site’s primary purpose.
• Interface Design: While visually functional, the design doesn’t necessarily convey a sense of established trust or extensive corporate backing. It seems to prioritize product display over robust informational content.

Vapenw.com Features or lack thereof

For a site dealing with consumer products, even problematic ones, a robust set of features is expected.

However, Vapenw.com appears to offer only the bare minimum required for basic e-commerce functionality, without many of the trust-building features common among well-regarded online stores.

• Basic Shopping Cart: Standard add-to-cart and checkout processes are present.
• Product Categories: Products are sorted into categories like “e-liquids,” “devices,” and “accessories.”
• Search Functionality: A basic search bar allows users to look for specific products.
• Absence of Advanced Features: There’s no clear loyalty program, detailed product comparison tools, or extensive customer review sections that are well-integrated and verifiable. Such features often indicate a mature and customer-focused business.

Vapenw.com Pros & Cons Focusing on Cons from an Ethical and Trust Perspective

Given the nature of the products and the website’s operational transparency, the “pros” are limited to basic functionality, while the “cons” are significant, especially from an ethical and trust perspective.

Cons:

• Promotion of Harmful Products: The core business promotes vaping, which is detrimental to health and considered impermissible in Islam. This is the overriding negative factor.
• Lack of Company Transparency: Absence of clear “About Us,” physical address, or verifiable contact information severely impacts trust.
• Limited Customer Support Information: Details on how to contact customer service, return policies, or warranty information are not prominently displayed or easily accessible.
• Potential for Underage Access: Without robust age verification systems that are clearly outlined and enforced, the site could inadvertently or directly facilitate access to minors, despite legal restrictions in many regions.
• No Ethical Certifications: As expected for this product category, there are no certifications from recognized ethical or health bodies that would vouch for responsible practices.

Vapenw.com Pricing Structure

While exact real-time pricing cannot be provided without direct access, observations of similar sites suggest that vaping products typically range from affordable disposable units to more expensive, reusable devices and premium e-liquids. Mimoza-store.com Review

The pricing model likely follows a standard e-commerce approach:

• Tiered Pricing: Different products will have varying price points based on brand, features, and quantity.
• Bulk Discounts: Some sites offer discounts for purchasing multiple items or larger volumes of e-liquid.
• Sales and Promotions: Expect periodic sales events, typical of online retailers.
• Shipping Costs: These are often added at checkout and can vary based on location and speed. Without explicit information on the site, this remains an unknown variable.

How to Potentially Cancel Vapenw.com Subscriptions or Orders

Since Vapenw.com appears to be a direct retail site rather than a subscription service, the concept of “canceling a subscription” might not directly apply.

However, if they offer recurring orders or if a user needs to cancel an existing order, the process would typically involve:

1. Checking Order Status: Log into your account if one was created and check the “Order History” or “My Orders” section.
2. Contacting Customer Service: If cancellation options aren’t available online, the only recourse would be to contact their customer service. However, as noted, clear contact information might be lacking.
3. Reviewing Return Policy: If an order has already shipped, it would fall under their return policy, which may involve shipping costs and restocking fees.

Given the ethical concerns, the best approach is to avoid making any purchases in the first place.

Vapenw.com Alternatives

Given that Vapenw.com deals with products that are both harmful and ethically problematic, the “alternatives” are not competing vaping sites but rather completely different categories of products and services that promote health, well-being, and ethical consumption.

These are products that provide genuine value and align with a wholesome lifestyle.

1. High-Quality Air Purifiers: Improve indoor air quality, beneficial for respiratory health, especially for those in urban environments or with allergies. Prices typically range from $100 to $500+.
2. Smart Reusable Water Bottles: Encourage hydration, often with reminders or tracking features, promoting a healthy habit. Prices usually from $20 to $60.
3. Home Fitness Equipment: Items like resistance bands, yoga mats, or dumbbells promote physical activity and overall health. Prices vary widely, from $15 for simple items to hundreds for larger equipment.
4. Educational Books and Audiobooks: Invest in knowledge and personal growth across various fields, from science and history to practical skills and ethical philosophy. Prices for books range from $10 to $30 typically.
5. Gardening Supplies for Urban Farming: Promote self-sufficiency and healthy eating by growing your own herbs or vegetables. Kits range from $20 to $100.
6. Aromatherapy Diffusers with Pure Essential Oils: For relaxation, stress relief, and creating a pleasant ambiance using natural, non-harmful aromas. Diffusers range from $20 to $70, oils from $10 to $30 per bottle.
7. High-Quality Notebooks and Journals: For reflection, planning, goal setting, and creative expression—a productive and mindful alternative to unbeneficial consumption. Prices from $10 to $40.

Vapenw.com Trustworthiness and Red Flags

Assessing the trustworthiness of an online platform like Vapenw.com goes beyond just the legality of its products. it delves into the practices of the business itself. When a website operates without transparent information, it raises significant red flags for potential consumers. A study by Statista in 2023 showed that over 60% of online shoppers abandon their carts if they find the website untrustworthy due to security concerns or lack of clear information.

Lack of Comprehensive Company Information

One of the most immediate indicators of trustworthiness, or the lack thereof, is the availability of detailed company information.

Reputable businesses proudly display their credentials, physical address, and contact methods. Goldenowl.asia Review

• Missing “About Us” Details: A generic or non-existent “About Us” page is a major red flag. It prevents customers from understanding who they are dealing with.
• No Physical Address: Absence of a verifiable street address can indicate a transient operation or one attempting to avoid accountability.
• Generic Contact Information: Often, only a generic email form or address is provided, with no direct phone number or specific department contacts. This makes resolving issues difficult.
• Undisclosed Ownership: The legal name of the operating company or its registration details are rarely found, which is a significant concern for consumer protection.

Concerns Regarding Customer Support and Returns

Even with ethically questionable products, a business should still provide avenues for customer support and facilitate returns or exchanges.

• Vague Return Policies: Policies that are overly broad, contain many exclusions, or are hard to find can make it challenging to return faulty or unwanted products.
• Difficult to Reach Support: If contact options are limited to email with slow response times, it can be frustrating for customers needing immediate assistance.
• No Clear Warranty Information: Products, especially electronic ones, should come with clear warranty details, which are often absent or vaguely stated on less trustworthy sites.

Potential Security and Data Privacy Issues

While not explicitly verifiable without deeper analysis, websites that lack transparency in their business operations may also fall short in data security and privacy.

• Unclear Privacy Policy: A robust privacy policy should detail how user data is collected, stored, and used. If this policy is absent, vague, or difficult to understand, personal information could be at risk.
• SSL Certificates: While most sites today use SSL indicated by “https://” in the URL, this only encrypts data in transit. It doesn’t guarantee the site’s overall security practices or how they handle your data on their servers.
• Third-Party Data Sharing: Without a clear policy, there’s a risk that user data might be shared with third parties without explicit consent, which is a significant privacy concern.

Regulatory Landscape for Vaping Products in the US

FDA Regulations and Compliance

The FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products CTP is responsible for regulating e-cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems ENDS under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act.

• Premarket Tobacco Product Applications PMTAs: Manufacturers must submit PMTAs to the FDA for any new tobacco product, including e-cigarettes, to demonstrate that the product is “appropriate for the protection of the public health.” This is a rigorous process.
• Age Restrictions: Federal law prohibits the sale of tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, to individuals under 21 years of age. States also have their own additional regulations.
• Marketing Restrictions: The FDA has powers to restrict misleading marketing claims and prohibit certain advertising practices, especially those that appeal to minors.
• Manufacturing Standards: The FDA aims to establish manufacturing standards to ensure product quality and safety, although this is an ongoing process.

State and Local Vaping Laws

Beyond federal regulations, many states, counties, and cities have enacted their own laws concerning vaping products, often stricter than federal guidelines. These can include:

• Flavor Bans: Numerous jurisdictions have banned flavored e-liquids, citing their appeal to youth. As of early 2024, over 300 localities across the US have enacted some form of flavor restriction.
• Sales Restrictions: Some areas have banned online sales, restricted sales to specific types of retailers, or limited the concentration of nicotine.
• Taxation: Many states have imposed excise taxes on vaping products, increasing their cost to consumers.
• Usage Bans: Vaping is often included in indoor smoking bans, extending to public places, workplaces, and sometimes even outdoor areas.

Implications for Online Retailers like Vapenw.com

Online retailers operating within the US market must navigate this complex web of federal, state, and local regulations.

Non-compliance can lead to severe penalties, including fines, product seizures, and legal action.

• Age Verification: Online sellers must implement robust age verification systems to prevent sales to minors, which can be challenging to enforce digitally.
• Shipping Restrictions: Shipping e-cigarettes through the U.S. Postal Service USPS is generally prohibited under the PACT Act Prevent All Cigarette Trafficking Act, requiring private carriers to adhere to specific regulations, often making direct-to-consumer shipping difficult and expensive.
• Product Authorization: Selling products that have not received PMTA authorization from the FDA can be illegal and subject to enforcement action.
• Jurisdictional Compliance: An online store must ensure it complies with the specific laws of every state and municipality where it ships products, which can be a significant logistical burden.

Given these regulatory complexities and the inherent issues with vaping products, a website like Vapenw.com, which does not provide significant transparent information about its operational compliance, raises additional concerns for consumers.

The Broader Impact: Health and Societal Costs of Vaping

Beyond individual health risks, the widespread use of vaping products contributes to significant societal costs and public health burdens. The financial strain on healthcare systems, the loss of productivity due to illness, and the potential for a new generation addicted to nicotine are all serious consequences. Governments and public health organizations worldwide are grappling with these challenges, dedicating substantial resources to research, prevention campaigns, and cessation programs. The World Health Organization WHO has repeatedly called for strict regulation of e-cigarettes, citing insufficient evidence of their long-term safety and their role in initiating nicotine addiction, especially among young people.

Healthcare System Strain

The medical complications arising from vaping place an increasing burden on healthcare infrastructure.

• Increased Hospitalizations: Conditions like EVALI require emergency medical attention and often prolonged hospital stays, straining emergency rooms and intensive care units.
• Chronic Disease Management: Long-term vaping use can lead to chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, requiring ongoing medical management, medication, and specialized care.
• Resource Allocation: Public health budgets are increasingly diverted to address vaping-related issues, including research, educational campaigns, and cessation programs, rather than other critical health initiatives. Estimates suggest that tobacco-related illnesses, including those stemming from e-cigarettes, cost the U.S. healthcare system over $170 billion annually in direct medical care.

Economic and Productivity Losses

The health consequences of vaping can also have broader economic repercussions. Davidhampton.com Review

• Lost Productivity: Illnesses related to vaping can lead to absenteeism from work or school, reducing overall economic productivity and educational attainment.
• Disability Benefits: In severe cases, vaping-related health issues can result in long-term disability, necessitating support systems and benefits.
• Early Mortality: While long-term data is still emerging, severe vaping-related illnesses can lead to premature death, resulting in a loss of human capital and economic contributions.

Public Health Campaigns and Youth Prevention

In response to the growing crisis, public health organizations have launched numerous campaigns to raise awareness about the dangers of vaping, particularly targeting youth.

• Educational Initiatives: Schools and health departments are implementing programs to educate students and parents about the risks of e-cigarettes.
• Cessation Resources: Efforts are underway to provide resources and support for individuals seeking to quit vaping, including counseling and nicotine replacement therapies.
• Policy Advocacy: Public health advocates continuously push for stronger regulations, including flavor bans, higher taxes, and stricter marketing controls, to curb vaping prevalence.
• Social Marketing: Campaigns like the FDA’s “The Real Cost” target youth with messages designed to demystify vaping and expose its true dangers.

Environmental Impact

While less discussed, the environmental impact of vaping products is also a concern.

• Electronic Waste: Disposable vape pens and e-cigarette components contribute to electronic waste, which often contains hazardous materials that can leach into the environment if not properly disposed of.
• Plastic Pollution: Many vape cartridges and packaging materials are made of plastic, adding to the global plastic pollution problem.
• Battery Disposal: The batteries used in vaping devices pose a fire hazard if not disposed of correctly and can contaminate landfills with heavy metals.

In conclusion, the decision to engage with platforms like Vapenw.com extends beyond individual choice.

It has ripple effects on public health, economic stability, and environmental sustainability.

From an ethical and Islamic perspective, these societal costs further underscore the importance of avoiding such products and promoting alternatives that genuinely contribute to individual and collective well-being.

FAQ

What is Vapenw.com?

Vapenw.com appears to be an online retail website that sells vaping products, including e-cigarettes, e-liquids, and related accessories.

Is vaping permissible in Islam?

No, vaping is generally considered impermissible or highly discouraged in Islam due to its documented health harms, addictive nature, and the waste of resources on something detrimental.

Why is vaping considered harmful?

Vaping is harmful because the aerosol inhaled contains various toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and often nicotine, which can lead to lung damage, cardiovascular issues, addiction, and other serious health problems.

Are there age restrictions for purchasing from Vapenw.com?

In the United States, federal law prohibits the sale of tobacco products, including vaping products, to individuals under the age of 21. Reputable online retailers are legally required to enforce strict age verification.

Does Vapenw.com offer clear contact information?

Based on a general review of such sites, Vapenw.com may have limited or generic contact information, which can be a red flag regarding transparency and customer support. Tangentoffice.com Review

Can I cancel an order on Vapenw.com?

If Vapenw.com is a standard e-commerce site, order cancellation would typically depend on the order’s processing stage.

It would likely require contacting their customer service, whose accessibility might be limited.

What are ethical alternatives to vaping products?

Ethical alternatives focus on products that promote health, well-being, and productivity, such as water filters, ergonomic office furniture, high-quality prayer rugs, and educational materials.

Does Vapenw.com have a physical store?

The website’s primary presence is online, and there is no readily available information suggesting they operate physical retail stores.

Is Vapenw.com trustworthy for online purchases?

Based on the ethical concerns related to its products and potential lack of transparent company information, Vapenw.com raises red flags concerning overall trustworthiness for consumers seeking ethical and reliable vendors.

Does Vapenw.com ship internationally?

Shipping policies vary widely for online retailers of vaping products due to complex international regulations.

Information about international shipping would typically be found in their shipping policy section, if available.

Are the products on Vapenw.com FDA approved?

Many vaping products on the market, especially flavored ones, have not received FDA premarket authorization.

It is essential to check individual product listings and the FDA’s authorized product list for compliance.

What are the risks of buying vaping products online?

Risks include purchasing unregulated or counterfeit products, potential for fraudulent transactions, lack of age verification, and issues with returns or customer support if the vendor is not reputable. Msmeregistration.org Review

Does Vapenw.com offer refunds or returns?

Any refund or return policy would be outlined on their website.

However, such policies can be vague or restrictive on less transparent sites, making returns challenging.

How does Vapenw.com compare to other vaping sites?

From an ethical perspective, Vapenw.com is similar to other vaping sites in that it promotes products that are harmful and impermissible.

In terms of operational transparency, it may share common shortcomings with less reputable online retailers.

What data does Vapenw.com collect from users?

Like most e-commerce sites, Vapenw.com likely collects personal and browsing data.

Users should refer to their privacy policy, if available, for details on data collection and usage.

Is there a specific “About Us” page on Vapenw.com?

Many websites like Vapenw.com either lack a detailed “About Us” page or provide only minimal, generic information, which can hinder transparency.

Are customer reviews available for Vapenw.com products?

Some product pages may include customer reviews.

However, the authenticity and verification of these reviews can vary widely across different e-commerce platforms.

What payment methods does Vapenw.com accept?

Typically, online retailers accept major credit cards Visa, Mastercard, American Express and sometimes other methods like PayPal, though this information would need to be confirmed at checkout. Lotuly.com Review

What are the long-term health effects of vaping?

Long-term effects of vaping are still being studied but include chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, potential for nicotine addiction, and increased risk of traditional cigarette use.

Why should I avoid websites like Vapenw.com?

You should avoid websites like Vapenw.com because they promote products harmful to health, are considered impermissible in Islam, and may lack transparency in their business practices, potentially exposing you to unreliable service or data risks.